METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING OF LEUKOCYTES IN SEPSIS AND TREATMENT PROSPECTS

Аннотация

Sepsis is defined as a dysfunctional immune response that occurs in the body's response to infection and is one of the leading causes of hospital mortality worldwide. Recent studies have shown that metabolic reprogramming of leukocytes plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. The aim of this review article is to analyze the metabolic changes of leukocytes in sepsis, their impact on immune function, and potential opportunities for new treatment strategies based on scientific data published between 2015 and 2025. The article deeply studies the changes in the energy metabolism of leukocytes during sepsis, in particular the impact of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid metabolism on the immune response. The imbalance between the M1 and M2 phenotypes of macrophages, as well as the metabolic adaptation of neutrophils and lymphocytes, is also reviewed. The key factors of metabolic reprogramming, including the activation of signaling pathways such as HIF-1α, mTOR, and AMPK, and their role in the inflammatory response have been revealed. Studies have shown that in the early stages of sepsis, there is often an increase in aerobic glycolysis, which leads to excessive production of inflammatory cytokines.