THE ROLE OF CYTOKINES PRODUCED BY LEUKOCYTES IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Ключевые слова:
leukocytes, cytokines, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, anticytokine therapyАннотация
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and inflammatory processes play a key role in their pathogenesis. Cytokines produced by leukocytes are key mediators of inflammation, which play a crucial role in various pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arterial hypertension. This review article comprehensively reviews the recent scientific evidence on the complex roles of leukocyte-derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of CVD, their types, signaling pathways, and potential therapeutic targets. Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, monocyte adhesion and migration, and their differentiation into foam cells. In contrast, anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β produced by lymphocytes act as a protective factor and limit inflammation.
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