PROSPECTS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ADAPTATION TO MAINTAIN HUMAN HOMEOSTASIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Abstract

Climate change has become one of the most serious global problems of our time, posing a wide-ranging threat to human health and the well-being of the population. This article is devoted to the study of the physiological and genetic mechanisms of maintaining human homeostasis in the face of climate change. The article analyzes the processes of adaptation of the organism to temperature extremes, changes in humidity levels, food security, and new pathogens. The physiological level is considered how thermoregulation, water-salt balance, the immune system, and metabolic pathways adapt in response to climate change. At the genetic level, processes such as epigenetic modifications, selective pressure, and the spread of adaptive alleles are also analyzed. The article analyzes scientific work aimed at determining the role of genetic factors in the adaptation of populations to different climatic conditions based on modern genomic studies. New information obtained as a result of the integration of the fields of molecular biology, physiology, ecological genetics, and bioinformatics is highlighted. This multidisciplinary approach allows us to understand the ability of the human body to maintain its balance in dynamic climatic conditions. The results of the study can provide practical recommendations for developing health strategies, increasing population resilience, and mitigating the negative consequences of climate change. The study of the adaptive capabilities of the human body in the face of climate change is not only of fundamental importance, but also of practical importance in shaping global health policies. [1]