Abstract

Rice yield is affected by various biotic stresses including fungi, bacteria,viruses, parasites, nematodes, weeds and insects,posing a major threat to global food security.Therefore, one of the major objectives of rice breeders is to develop rice cultivars resistant to biotic stresses and it has been achieved to large extent through traditional and molecular breeding approaches.However,frequent breakdown of resistance to these biotic stresses is a challenging issue and therefore, continuous efforts are needed to develop cultivars with durable resistance.Recently, genetic engineering technologies like transgenics and RNA-i have enabled breeders to develop such durable resistance in rice against number of bacterial, fungal and viral diseases by utilizing the genes conferring resistance to trait and isolated from various organisms like plants, animals, microbes, etc. Genetic engineering is more preferred in some of the cases as it has advantages like requirement of lesser duration, no linkage drag and no crossing barrier compared to molecular breeding.Although varieties developed through genetic engineering require prior regulation before commercialization, it has the enormous potential to develop plants resistant/tolerant to biotic stresses.Present status of use of genetic engineering for developing biotic stress resistance in rice is briefly described in this chapter.

Keywords

• Biotic stress, Genetic engineering, Rice, Transgenic, Disease, Insects

References

• Ahmadi N, Albar L, Pressoir G et al (2001) Genetic basis and mapping of the resistance to Rice yellow mottle virus. III. Analysis of QTL efficiency in introgressed progenies confirmed the hypothesis of complementary epistasis between two resistance QTLs. Theor Appl Genet 103(67):1084–1092
• Ahmed MM, Bian S, Wang M et al (2017) RNAi-mediated resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus in transgenic rice. Transgenic Res 26(2):197–207 rice to Rice yellow mottle virus. Plant J 47(3):417–426
• Alfonso-Rubí J, Ortego F, Castañera P, et al (2003) Transgenic expression of trypsin inhibitor CMe from barley in indica and japonica rice, confers resistance to the rice weevil sitophilus oryzae.Transgenic Res 12:23–31
• Altpeter F, Diaz I, McAuslane H, Gaddour K, Carbonero P, Vasil IK (1999) Increased insect resistance in transgenic wheat stably expressing trypsin inhibitor CMe. Mol Breed 5(1):53–63 Bashir K, Husnain T, Fatima T, Riaz N, Makhdoom R, Riazuddin S (2005) Novel indica basmati line (B-370) expressing two unrelated genes of Bacillus thuringiensis is highly resistant to two
• lepidopteran insects in the field. Crop Prot 24(10):870–879
• Baulcombe D (2004) RNA silencing in plants. Nature 431(7006):356–363 Bonfim K, Faria JC, Nogueira EO, Mendes ÉA, Aragão FJ (2007) RNAi-mediated resistance to
• Bean golden mosaic virus in genetically engineered common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 20(6):717–726
• Bonman JM, KhusGS, Nalson RJ (1992) Breeding rice for resistant to pests. Ann Rev Phytopatholo 30:507–528
• Breitler JC, Vassal JM, Del Mar Catala M, Meynard D, Marfà V, Melé E, ... Messeguer J (2004) Btrice harbouring cry genes controlled by a constitutive or wound-inducible promoter: protection and transgene expression underMediterranean field conditions. Plant Biotechnol J 2(5):417–430
• Bryan GT,Wu KS, Farrall L, Jia Y, Hershey HP, McAdams SA, ... Valent B (2000) A single amino acid difference distinguishes resistant and susceptible alleles of the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta. Plant Cell 12(11):2033–2045
• Cabauatan PQ, Cabunagan RC, Choi IR, Heong KL, Hardy B (2009) Planthoppers: new threats to the sustainability of intensive rice production systems in Asia. In: KL Heong, Hardy B (eds)
• IRRI, pp 357–368. Los Baños
• ChandrasekharK,Vijayalakshmi M,Vani K, Kaul T, ReddyMK(2014) Phloem-specific expression of the lectin gene from Allium sativum confers resistance to the sap-sucker Nilaparvata lugens. Biotechnol Lett 36(5):1059–1067. 22. PMID: 24563293
• Cheng X, Zhu L, He G (2013) Towards understanding of molecular interactions between rice and the brown planthopper. Mol Plant
• Chu Z, Yuan M, Yao J et al (2006) Promoter mutations of an essential gene for pollen development result in disease resistance in rice. Genes Dev 20(10):1250–1255
• Cotsaftis O, Sallaud C, Breitler JC, et al (2002) Transposon-mediated generation of T-DNA- and marker-free rice plants expressing a Bt endotoxin gene. Mol Breed 10:165–180.
• Coutos-Thévenot P, Poinssot B, Bonomelli A, Yean H, Breda C, Buffard D, Esnault R, Hain R, Boulay M (2001) In vitro tolerance to Botrytis cinerea of grapevine 41B rootstock in transgenic plants expressing the stilbene synthase Vst 1 gene under the control of a pathogen-inducible PR 10 promoter. J Exp Bot 52:901–910
• DasA, SoubamD, Singh PK, Thakur S, Singh NK, Sharma TR (2012)Anovel blast resistance gene, Pi54rh cloned from wild species of rice, Oryza rhizomatis confers broad spectrum resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. Funct Integr Genomics 12(2):215–228
• Datta K, Vasquez A, Tu J et al (1998) Constitutive and tissue-specific differential expression of the cryIA (b) gene in transgenic rice plants conferring resistance to rice insect pest. Theor Appl Genet 97(1–2):20–30
• Datta K, Koukolikova-Nicola Z, Baisakh N et al (2000) Agrobacterium-mediated engineering for sheath blight resistance of indica rice cultivars from different ecosystems. Theor Appl Genet 100(6):832–839
• DattaK, Tu J,OlivaNet al (2001) Enhanced resistance to sheath blight by constitutive expression of infection-related rice chitinase in transgenic elite indica rice cultivars. Plant Sci 160(3):405–414

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.